Ontology-based simulation in agricultural systems modeling

A methodology and applications of ontology-based simulation are presented. An environment for building simulations based on the Lyra ontology management system is described which includes web-based visual design tools for constructing models and automatically generating simulation code. The ontology is used for representing all equations and all symbols appearing in these equations that are needed to describe a model. The example applications presented are models of soil, water, and nutrient management in citrus and sugarcane. Results thus far show that the ontology-based approach has advantages for representing the model structure, equations, and symbols, that complex models can be described in this format, and that efficient simulation code can be generated automatically from the ontology definition of the model. Potential applications, not yet fully explored, include ability to automatically connect models and data sources, using the ontology to organize model bases containing many models and model components, and using ontology reasoners to search for models, automatically discover model similarities and differences, and generate model instances from general principles.     

基于云理论与层次分析法的农村饮用水安全诊断

以广东省东江流域农村饮用水安全现状为研究对象,构建农村饮用水安全诊断指标体系,建立基于云理论的农村饮用水安全单指标评分模型,运用层次分析法对指标因子赋权,对农村饮用水安全作出系统全面的综合诊断。诊断结果表明,东江流域农村大部分县级行政区存在饮用水不安全问题,综合各县级行政区诊断结果,整个东江流域农村饮用水基本安全。     

Yield response of sugar beets to water stress under Western European conditions

The average yield of sugar beet has almost doubled within the last 30 years. With the raise in average yields and the increase in sensitivity to water stress of sugar beets, the yield response factor (Ky) derived by Doorenbos and Kassam (1979) needs an update. In this article, the soil water balance model BUDGET (Raes et al., 2006) was calibrated and validated to obtain correct estimations of the evapotranspiration deficit (1 − ETa/ETc, where ETa = actual crop evapotranspiration and ETc = maximum crop evapotranspiration under standard conditions) of sugar beets in two locations in France. Datasets of observed soil water contents of several years and different irrigation treatments were used. The simulated evapotranspiration deficits and observed yields were used to derive a seasonal Ky. The obtained linear and polynomial yield response relation between observed yield decline and evapotranspiration deficit showed a high goodness-of-fit. The coefficient of determination (R²) = 0.83, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (EF) = 0.79, the relative root mean squared error (RRMSE) = 0.26 for linear; the coefficient of determination (R²) = 0.85, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (EF) = 0.79, the relative root mean squared error (RRMSE) = 0.25 for polynomial). The results suggested a more pronounced response of sugar beet to water stress in Europe as compared to the values previously reported by Doorenbos and Kassam (1979). The comparison between the observed and simulated yields (with the updated Ky) for another site in France confirmed the findings.     

虚拟现实系统中农业装备模型转换方

对几种典型的农业装备虚拟现实系统模型建立方法进行研究,比较分析了各自的优缺点.在VC++6.0环境下,通过UG和Creator双方二次开发相结合的方法,实现了从UG(CAD)到Creator(VR)的模型转换,通过直接转换建立了农业装备的虚拟现实模型.经过在虚拟现实系统中实验测试,该转换模型满足了农业装备虚拟现实的要求.     

几种利用乳中尿素氮浓度估测尿氮排泄量模型的评价

本文利用34组国内外报道的荷斯坦牛乳中尿素氮浓度和尿氮排泄量的实测数据，对目前提出的部分利用MUN估测尿氮排泄量的模型进行了比较。结果表明，Zhai（2005）提出的模型[UN（g/d）：10．1×MUN（mg／dL）＋47.3]预测效果较好（P〉0．05）。划分MUN浓度范围分别建立模型可能会提高预测的准确度。此外，根据34组数据做简单回归：UN（g/d）=12．78×MUN（mg/d1）＋28．15（n=34，R2=0．59）。     

典型地区马铃薯主食产业化推进 竞争力比较研究

【目的】比较华北地下水漏斗区、半干旱区、西北旱区、黑龙江省垦区、南方冬闲田区马铃薯主 食产业化推进做法的竞争力,促进马铃薯主食产业化区域模式形成。【方法】基于钻石模型分析典型区域马铃 薯主食产业化推进做法的竞争力。【结果】生产要素方面,各区域具备马铃薯种植自然条件与科研机构;机遇 方面,经济全球化与主食化政策带来良好机遇;需求要素方面,各区域居民未能改变传统消费习惯,但逐渐增 加主食产品需求;企业战略、组织、竞争状态方面,西北旱区主食加工企业最多,且开发了大众、功能与区域 特色产品;相关和支持产业方面,半干旱区以种薯、种植、销售等优势获得最佳竞争力;政府方面,半干旱区 出台了马铃薯主食化政策,主推品种进入省重点推广目录。【结论】半干旱区马铃薯主食产业化推进做法竞争 力最高,其次是西北旱区、黑龙江省垦区、南方冬闲田区和华北地下水漏斗区。     

基于三温模型和热红外遥感的不同大豆品种蒸腾特征研究

蒸腾耗水是水循环中重要的水分存在形式之一,是准确量化水分利用效率的关键参数,对研究碳水循环关系及节水农业有重要意义。本研究以大豆品种‘晋21’(J21)和‘Union’(C08)为研究对象,设置两种水分处理[当地经验灌水定额的75%(A0)和37.5%(A1)],基于三温模型(3TModel)和热红外遥感,定量研究不同品种和不同水分胁迫下的大豆蒸腾速率,揭示其时空特征差异,从而为抗旱节水大豆品种筛选提供参考。研究结果表明:1)不同处理下大豆的蒸腾速率日变化趋势与气温、太阳净辐射和冠层温度的基本一致,呈先增加后减小的单峰曲线,且于午间达到峰值,峰值为1.2～2.5mm·h~(-1);各处理的大豆冠层温度和蒸腾速率均呈现出明显的空间异质性。2)J21与C08大豆的冠层温度A0处理分别低于A1处理6.55K和5.91K,蒸腾速率A0处理高于A1处理0.28 mm·h~(-1)和0.29 mm·h~(-1);大豆蒸腾速率与灌水量呈正相关、与冠层温度呈负相关。3)在相同水分胁迫下,大豆冠层温度J21低于C08 1.83～2.47 K,蒸腾速率J21高于C08 0.13～0.14 mm·h~(-1)。本研究与传统方法相比,所需要的参数较少,避开了空气动力学阻抗等难获取的参数,对农田尺度更具有适宜性,更能揭示不同农田环境下作物的蒸腾时空异质性,在农业水分高效利用和节水品种筛选上有十分重要的科学意义。     

符号学视阈下土楼和客家文化融合的重构与应用研究

客家土楼是特殊的文化现象,不能仅仅从建筑工艺方面考察它的特征,而应该考虑其中承载的文化符号内涵。传统的皮尔斯三元符号学模型以符形、符指、符义为构架,对大部分客观事物可以做出很好的分析,但对于文化符号所具有的“历史”与“关联故事”则没有很好的体现。因此在皮尔斯的三元符号模型基础上,应增加“符事”元素,以记载与符号相关的故事,并增加“符史”元素,以记载符号的演化历史。从符形、符指、符义、符事、符史五个角度分析客家土楼文化,有利于理解客家文化在历史跨越和中原士大夫迁移中产生的融合与变迁。     

Habitat analysis of the commercial tuna of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean

We have extracted information on the habitats of bigeye (Thunnus obesus), skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) and yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean by matching the spatial‐temporal distribution of catch and effort of purse seine and longline fleets collected by the Inter‐American Tropical Tuna Commission with oceanographic conditions and subjecting the matched data to Quotient Analysis and General Additive Models (GAMs). These analyses yielded the following results. The habitats defined by the GAM analysis of young fish differ significantly between two periods, one before and one after the introduction of fish aggregation devices (FADs). This was not true for the older fish caught by longline. We speculate that these changes were caused by the extensive use of FADs. Younger bigeye and yellowfin caught by the purse seine fleet have a different preference of environmental variables compared to older fish caught by longline. This is to be expected since tuna of different age groups have different sizes, metabolic capabilities and swimming skills. Moreover, as revealed by GAMs, the habitats of young fish differ between species to a much larger degree than those of older fish. Our results indicate the fundamental differences between fishing methods, targeted species, and operating region of the two fisheries. Specifically, young bigeye occupy equatorial waters farther from the coast and where the hypoxic layer is deeper, young skipjack occupy more productive waters associated with equatorial and coastal upwelling, and young yellowfin occupy broad areas where waters are underlain by a shallow hypoxic layer.     

基于综合评价角度的密切值模型研究进展

社会科学研究中的各个领域往往都会涉及到综合评价,而综合评价也往往是对多元、多属性、多指标对象的价值判断,因此评价方法的选择是否科学合理很大程度上决定了评价结果。密切值法作为一种多目标决策的优选方法被广泛应用在众多领域,且解决了不少难题,具有重大的实用价值和应用前景。作者通过文献检索的手段,对近年来学者对密切值的应用情况进行系统分析,期待密切值法能够在农业领域得到更为广泛的应用,近而为我国农业技术综合评价提供服务,并促进我国农业的发展与社会的进步。